Wall construction



July 5, 1932.

A. F. BEMIS WALL CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 27, 1929 y 5,1932- A. F. BEMIS WALL CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheet-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 27, 1929m W L m $1 1 J -3 M y o i o o o u n o M W o o\\\\\... W \hvl w W a a 1L0 o g a k em I HQ 1$ Q o o o o o\ o o o\ o o o w o o o o o o 9 .WN ho+\\\) 1% [k k k k Patented July 5, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT ounceALBERT F. BEMIS, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO IBEMIS INDUSTRIESINC OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE WALLooNsrnnc'rIoN Application 'filed February 27, 1929. Serial No. 342,996.

This invention relates to an improved wall construction and to a methodand means for constructing the same. i The presentinvention isespecially suitable for the construction of reinforced concrete wallsfor ordinary houses or buildings of similar size, being particularlyapplicable to the construction of foundation walls.

In accordance with this inventioma framework is erected, preferably outof standardized preformed metal parts that may be rapidly assembled insitu, and certain members are assembled about the framework to composeforms for the pouring of concrete about the same, means being providedfor the ready and facile connection of the form members to the framesothat a wall may be poured in a girt elements spaced thereaboveapproximately the height of the wall to be poured. The connecting posts andstuds as well as the sills and girts may be constructed of pre formedmetal elements which may be fabricated in a suitable manufacturingestablishment under conditions of quantity and standardized productionand which may be rapidly assembled in situ. These frame elementspreferably-are constructed in accordance with a modular system, such asis described in my copending application No. 280.,- 226 filed May 24,1928, having openings arranged at spaced modular intervals for thereception of suitable fastening elements or the like for connection withother portions of the metal frame or with the joists, etc. The openingsin these frame members and more particularly in the girts and sills areso disposed at standardized intervals that they may be readilyassociated with standardized connecting elements or ties which pro]ectoutwardly at either side of the frame and which are adapted to engagetemporary uprights, the latter preferably also being standardized andbeing adapted rapidly to be secured to and disconnected from theconnecting elements or ties.

Form slabs, which may be removable from the poured wall or whichpreferably may be preformed of cementit-ious material to compose apermanent part thereof, are provided in standardized lengthscorresponding to the spacing of the uprights so that the vertical jointsbetween the slabs occur adjoining the uprights. These slabs preferablyhave such a thickness that they may be readily disposed upon each other,thus cooperating with the temporary uprights in providing a form aboutthe intermediate metal framework. The intermediate space is then adaptedto receive pouredcementitious material to provide a cementitious wallreinforced by the metallic framework, the form slabs composing a portionof this wall, ifdesired, or being removable therefrom after thecementitious material has at least initially set. In either case thetemporary uprights are ordinarily removable from the wall and areadapted to be used repeatedly. In accordance with this invention, thefloor joists connecting the girts at the upper portion of the pouredwall may be secured to the girts in order to brace the same before thewall is poured, if desired.

The metal framework ordinarily will be continued upwardly to form askeletonized outline for the succeeding stories of the building, theembedding of the lower portion of this framework in the pouredfoundation being advantageous in ensuring the accurate positioning ofthe same and the rigid retention thereof in place. Due to the use ofstandardized parts, both permanent and temporary, the cost of pouring afoundation (or other wall) is materially reduced by the pres entinvention, and the time required for making a wall of this character isbut a fraction of that required under ordinary methods of construction.lVhile I more specifically described the present invention as applied tothe pouring of a foundation, it is evident that the same principles arereadily applicable to the pouring of a wall forsucceeding stories of thebuilding when desired.

In the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through 7 a portion of a foundationwall constructed in accordance with the present invention, the variousportions of the form being shown in place about the wall;

Fig. 2 is a sectional detail showing a portion of the footing and silland one type of tie means for connecting the temporary uprights to thelatter;

Fig. 3 is an elevational detail of an upright of the type shown in Fig.2 with related parts;

Fig. 4 is a broken side elevational view of a portion of a wall beingconstructed in accordance with the present invention, portions of themetal framework being indicated by dotted lines;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a top view of one type of connection for securing the upperends of the temporary uprights to the framework;

Fig. 7 is an elevational view of the same, a girt being indicated by dotand dash lines in this figure;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a girt and re lated parts showing onemeans of tying the same to the upper ends of the temporary uprights;

Fig. 9 is an end elevation of the type of connection shown in Figs. 6and 7;

Fig. 10 is a top view of another type of connector for securing theupper ends of the temporary uprights to the girt;

Fig. 11 is a section on line 11-11 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is an elevational view of the connection shown in Fig. 10;

Fig. 13 is a top view of the assembly shown in Fig. 8;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view of a corner assembly, the dot and dash linesindicating the manner in which the corner elements may be disposed topermit the formation of walls of various standardized thicknesses;

Fig. 15 is a vertical section through a typical portion of astandardized metal frame which may be utilized in carrying out thepresent invention;

Fig. 16 is a horizontal section through a post assembly of such a frame;16Fig. 17 is a section of line 1717 of Fig.

Fig. 18 is a broken elevational detail of a portion of a frame of thischaracter;

Fig. 19 is an elevational view of a portion of an upright and relatedparts;

51g. 20 is a perspective view of a spacer; an

Fig. 21 is a broken elevational view of a corner upright.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, and first more particularly toFigs. 4, 15, 16, 17 and 18 thereof, it is to be understood that in atypical application of the present invention, a footing 1 may beprovided in the usual manner and metal sills 2 mounted thereon to form abase for the main wall portions of the building. These sills preferablycomprise a pair of angle elements 3 which are welded to a web or baseplate 4, the latter being pro vided with a plurality of intermediatelongitudinally disposed openings 6. The sill element being accuratelypositioned upon the footing 1, cementitious material is poured over thesame and particularly over openings 6 so that the element is firmlysecured to the footing as the poured cementitious material or groutinghardens. Any other suitable means of securing the sill elements to thefooting may be used in place of or in conjunction with the groutingdescribed herein.

The upright members of the framework then are secured to the sills,these upright members comprising suitable studs 10 and posts 160. Thestuds are formed of spaced parallel angles 12 which are connected atintervals by channels 14, these channels preferably being welded to theangles and being disposed at the ends of the same as well as ordinarilyat one or two points therebetween. Preferably channels 14 may projectslightly beyond the ends of the angles to interfit with the upstandingflanges upon the sill members 2 and to engage corresponding portions ofthe girts at the upper ends of the studs. For this purpose a portion ofeach leg of channel 14 is provided with a suitable opening that isadapted to register with one of the openings 17 which are disposed atstandardized intervals upon the upstanding flanges of the angles 3 ofsills 2. Suitable fastening means such as bolts 19 may be utilized tosecure the studs to the sills.

The posts, which occur at the intersections of or corners of walls,preferably are built up of a plurality of stud elements, these elementsbeing arranged in the planes of the intersecting walls, as shown inFigs. 16 and 17 and being connected to each other by suitable angles 20.The posts are connected to the sill members by channels 14 forming asubstantially integral part of the posts, i. e., being welded theretoafter the manner described with reference to the studs.

The girts 26, Figs. 15 and 16, may be formed of two pairs of angles 3similar to the corresponding portions of the sill elements, these anglesbeing located, however, both above and below the intermediate plate orweb 28 which is provided with central, longitudinaly disposed openings29 and which may project outwardly beyond one or both sides of theframework to provide a ledge 30 in order to support floor joists or thelike upon one able openings spaced at modular distances to receivefastening elements to engage the floor joists supported'thereby and thatthe openings 17 in the vertically disposed portions of angles 3 in boththe sill and girt elements also are arranged at modular distances toengage any suitable fastening elements.

It is evident that this metal framework may be continued upwardly forsucceeding stories, the posts and studs for the same, for example, beingconnected to the upper pair of angles 3 upon the girt for the firststory in the same manner as the studs and posts are connected to thesill elements. It is further evident that the various portionsof themetal framework may be formed under conditions of quantity production ina suitable manu facturing establishment and may be of standardized sizewith openings spaced at modular intervals, so that they are rapidlyassembled in situ.

If desired, the joists 40 for the first floor may be secured by means ofdrive screws 41 or the like (Fig. 4) to the outstanding ledges 30 of theopposite girts in order to provide a lateral reinforcement for the metalframe work before the concrete or cementitious foundation is pouredthereabout. Also the framework for succeeding stories may be as sembledupon the portion of the framework specifically described above or beforeor while the cementitious foundation is being formed.

\Vhile the foregoing description specifically describes one form ofmetal frame which may be readily assembled out of preformed standardizedelements, it is to be understood that the principles of this inventionare not confined to this specific framework, but may be readilyapplicable to other constructions of standardized dimensions or to alesser extent to other frameworks which lack the modular concept. For amore particular de scription of metal frames of the general characterdescribed above, the reader is referred to my copending applicationsNo.266,955, filed April s, 1928 and No. 359,209.

In order to permit the rapid and expeditious pouring of a cementitiousfoundation about the metal framework, suitable tie ele ments preferablyare associated therewith to connect temporary uprights thereto. As shownin Fig. 1, for example, these tie elements may comprise elongatedthreadedbars or bolts 50 which extend through openings 17 disposed atsuitable intervals in the upstanding flanges of angles 3 of sills 2. Theends of these bolts 50 preferably may be received in slots 51 at thelower ends of temporary uprights 52 (Fig. 4) which may be convenientlyformed of wood and which preferably have their slotted ends reinforcedby metal'plates 54 to permit their repeated use. Suitable fasteningelements 56 are then threaded upon the ends of the bolts or ties 50 inorder to clamp the lower ends of the uprights 52 in position.

The exact position of the latter depends upon the desired thickness ofthe wall which is to be poured. Ordinarily this wall will besubstantially thicker than the corresponding dimension of the metalframework. Thus, for example, the framework may have a standardizedmodular thickness of four inches and the wall which is to be pouredthereabout may have a thickness of twelve inches. In order to permitsuitable spacing of the inner faces of uprights 52 from the sillelements 3 I dispose at either side of the latter the lower course ofslabs 60, which may be of preformed cementitious material in ordereventually to compose a portion of the foundation wall. Thus, as shownin Fig. l, a single layer of slabs 60 is disposed between the outer rowof uprights 52 and the sill member 2, while it is desirable to space theinner layer of slabs 52 at a greater distance from the frame member 2.For this purpose I interpose parts 60 of broken slabs between the outerlayer of slabs and the sill member 2. Preferably the thickness of theslabs is so standardized in relation to the various wall thicknessesordinarily desired that the slab thickness forms an integral factor ofany of the desired wall thicknesses and of the width of the framemembers 2. Thus, for example, it ordinarily may be desired to form awall of 8, 10, 12 or 14 inches in thickness, and with such standardizedthicknesses as well as the general modulardimensioning of the building,it is desirable to have the sill elements 3 and other portions of theframe substantially four inches in width and to have slabs 60substantially two inches in thickness. Hence the wall. shown in Fig. 1will have a total thick ness of twelve inches.

While I refer specifically to wall thickness differing from each otherby two inches and to slabs having a similar dimension, it is to beunderstood that these particular dimensions are referred to merely byway of example and that other suitable dimensions may be substituted topermit the convenient and accurate formation of walls of differentthicknesses.

Preferably the footing 1 has a suitable thickness so that it supportsthe lower ends of the temporary uprights 52, as shown. 7 As indicatedabove, slabs 60 preferably are standardized in length and the openings17 in the angles 3 of the horizontal frame members are so spaced thatthe ties 50 may be arranged to extend between the vertical edges ofadjoining slabs so that these edges register with the inner faces of thetempo rary uprights '52. Thus in the ordinary construction of a pouredwall slabs having a suitable predetermined length, such for example. asapproximatelytwenty-four inches, e. g., twenty-three and three-fourthsinches will be used, and the ties 50 and the uprights 52 be spaced atcorresponding distances twenty-four inches along the horizontal elementsof the framework.

In order to permit convenient flexibility in the dimensioning of thewalls of the building, however, i. e., in order to permit theirhorizontal dimensions to differ from each other by a much smallerunit'than the length of the standardized slabs, I preferably may use amodule such as four or eight inches as described, for example, in myoopending application No. 280,226. Thus certain slabs 'may differ by themodular dimension from the standardized length which for purposes ofexample herein 1 have referred to as being approximately twenty-fourinches, such other slabs having lengths of approximately 8, 12, 16 and20 inches, for example, so that by the proper selection of slabs anydesired modular dimension of wall may be provided, it being evident thatit is only necessary to provide a comparatively few slabs of the smallerdimensions.

The upper ends of the temporary uprights 52 are connected to the metalframework, i. e., to the girt 26, after the lower courses of slabs arelaid in order substantially to position the lower ends of theseuprights. I have illustrated herein several means of connecting theupper portions of the uprights to the girt members, such means all beingcharacterized by being readily connectible to the standardized girtmembers at proper intervals in order to correspond to the spacing of theslabs and temporary uprights and being adapted readily to be detachedfrom the uprights. Often the latter may have a height corresponding tothat of a standardized story so that the tie elements may engage theslots 51 at the upper as well as the lower ends of the uprights.However, since at times it may be desirable to make walls, andparticularly foundation walls of different heights, I have provided aplurality of openings 57 in the uprights which are adapted to engageconnecting'elements at various other heights.

The upper ends of uprights 52 may be connected in any one of a pluralityof ways, one method of doing this being shown: in Fig. 1, wherein thetie-bolt at the upper end of the uprights corresponds to the similarlydesignated connection at the lower end thereof. A suitable spacer 90which comprises an inverted U-shaped piece of sheet metal is engagedwith the tie to hold the inner upright at a suitable distance from thegirt. Preferably this U-shaped spacer is of such moderate thickness thatit may readily project between the edges of the upper course of slabswhen the same are laid. It

is evident that tie 50 and spacer 90 may be disposed below the ledge 30of the girt so that the uprights may be secured in place after thejoists are connected to the frame.

peatedly upon successive jobs.

upper ends of uprights 52 in order to After uprights 52 are thusconnected to the metal frame, the succeeding courses of slabs areerected with their edges in engagement with the inner faces of paralleluprights 52, the cementitious material preferably being gradually pouredas succeeding courses of slabs are laid. The space between the uppercourses of slabs is filled by pouring through the openings 29 in thegirts. After the cementitious material has sufficiently set, uprights 52may be removed by detaching the nuts 56. Any portions of the bolts 50which project undesirably from the wall may then be severed in anysuitable manner.

In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, slabsbeing cast of cementitious material remain in place, the pouredcementitious material having run into and engaged the irregularities andedge portions of the same so that the slabs compose a substantiallyintegral part of the poured wall. If desired, however, it is evidentthat form may be constructed about and connected to the temporaryframework which is provided with removable slabs, for example, slabs ofwood, which are useable re- In either case the same generalconstructional arrangement and modular dimensioning of parts may beutilized.

Figs. 8 and 13 show another type of connection for securing the girt tothe upper ends of the temporary uprights. Such a connection may comprisea block 71 shaped to engage between the upstanding legs of the angles 3of a standardized girt, this block being provided with a horizontalopening 72 to receive a temporary pin or the like 73 so that the blockmay be accurately positioned longitudinally in relation to the girt, itbeing understoo-dthat pin 73 is adapted to enter one of the openings 1'?which are spaced at modular intervals upon the girt. The blockpreferably is secured to another block 74, which is connected by bolts 75 to horizontal angles 77 that are adapted to extend outwardly from theupper portion of the girt. These parallel angles have openings 79 whichare spaced at intervals corresponding to desired differences inthickness of the walls to be poured. Connecting bolts 80 pass throughthese angles and are adapted to engage the position the same laterally.Tie bolts 50 are engaged in the slots in the upper ends of the members52 passing through modularly disposed openings in the lower pair ofangles of the girt.

Figs. 6, 7 and 9 illustrate another type of connector, designated ingeneral by numeral 100, for connecting the upper ends of the temporaryupri hts to the irt, this connector being particularly designed for usewhen the joist-s are not first secured to the girts. This connectorcomprises parallel upstanding 52 and that suitable bolts 109 mayconnect.

the plates 101 to engage the outer faces of the uprights in orderproperly to position.

them or, if desired, tie bolts 50 may be as sociated with the uprights,to hold them against the faces of channels 103. In order to permit theproper positioning of the con nectors in relation to the girt, a pair ofchannels 111 are connected to the out-er faces of the girts, thesechannels being dimensioned to interfit with the upstanding portions ofthe gi-rts and having openings disposed to register with the openings 17therein so that a suitable bolt or bolts 11& may extend through theregistering openings accurately to postion the connector. It is evidentthat connectors 100 maybe readily lowered in place and lifted out ofengagement with the uprights and girt when the bolt or pin 114 isremoved.

Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show another form of connector 120. which is similarto that illustrated in Figs. 8 and 13 but having angles 7 7 projectingfrom both sides oftne central blocks 71* and 74 such a connector beingparticularly adapted for use with a construc tion wherein the joists arenot assembled up on the girts before the wall is poured. WVith this formof connector, bolts 80 may prefer.- ably be arranged at both sides ofthe temporary uprights to prevent lateral movement thereof.

Fig. 2 illustrates optional means for connecting the lower ends ofuprights 52 to the sill element 2. For this purpose ties 130 aredisposed below the sill elementrbefore the same is grouted or otherwisesecured in place, these ties each having a strap metal body portionwhich rests upon the footing 1 and havingupwardly curved or hooked endportions 131. The ties are provided with U- shaped clips 132 which areof suitable slze to fit about the sill elements placed thereabove.Suitable openings may be provided in the clips to register with theopenings 17 in the sill elements so that the ties 130 may be accuratelyplaced. The uprights 52 may be disposed above the ends of ties 130,suitable curved metal wedgeelements 134 being snapped betwe'een thelower ends of the uprights and: the hooked ends 131 of the ties. Ifdesired, as shown in Fig" 3, the lower ends of the uprights 52 may benotched as desig-v nated by numeral 51 in order properly to fit over theties 130 and to rest upon the footing. Fig. 19 shows a similararrangement wherein the ties 131 are held in wedg'ing engagement withthe lower ends of the uprights by means of pins 138. p

Fig. 14 shows the construction which preferably may be used at a cornerof a wall. For this purpose suitable angle shaped uprights 150 areprovided, these uprights comprising two wooden plates secured in planesat right angles to each other' The ends of these corner members haveslots 151 similar to the slots 51 of the uprights 52, and suitableintermediate openings 157 corresponding to openings 57 of the otheruprights may also be provided. As shown, similar members 150, aredisposed at both the inner and outer corners of the wall structure beingprovided with pairs of slots 151 and openings 157 in each plane, theseopenings being spaced at intervals from each other correv sponding todesired differences in the thickness of the wall, for example, attwo-inch intervals.

It is to be understood that the outer corner member 150 may be wired tothe corner post 160 in any suitable manner, being properly spacedtherefrom in the same way as described with reference to the otheruprights. The inner corner upright 150 may be connected to suitableuprights 52 which have their openings aligned with one of the series ofslots or openings upon the member 150. Forexam'ple, as shown in Fig. 14the fullline view of the inner corner member shows the same as it may bepositioned to form a wall eight inches thick, the dot and dash lineposition thereof designated A showing the same in place to form a teninch wall, and the dot and dash line position thereof designated Bshowing the inner corner upright to form a twelve inch wall. Due to theprovision of the pairs of slots and openings in each plate of the member150, it is therefore possible to locate the opposing uprights 52 in sucha manner that they will register with the edges of slabs which maydiffer in length from each other bytwice the dimension between thecenter lines of the pairsof' openings in the member 150, for example,this dimension may be] two inches correspondingrto the pos sibledifferences in desired thickness in the walls to be poured and the slabsmay differ in length by four inches. Thus, in order to permit even theuttermost flexibility in construction, itis only necessary to have acomparatively few lengths of standardized slabs, the most of they same,however, being of'one standardized dimension.

Itis evident that walls constructed in accordance with the presentinvention are particularly desirable for foundationsandjthat a buildingwhereinthe lower portion of the metal framework is. thus embeddedin acementitious foundation may have an unusually rigid construction. Thepresent invention particularly permits a wall such as the foundation orthe wall for the succeeding story or stories to be poured with a minimumwall to be poured may be employed, it is contemplated that theprinciples of the present invention may be developed so that theuprights may be utilized to support a monorail of standardized parts inorder to permit a conveyor car to carry the cementitious ma-.

terial to the portion of the wall to to be poured, thus substantiallyeliminating the necessity for use of wheelbarrows or the like upon thejob.

The use of frame elementsof standardized modular lengths and havingmeans thereon spaced at modular distances for the engagement of verticalmembers such as studs or posts or with the connectors for the temporaryuprights of the concrete form permits an exceedingly adaptable andconvenient mode of building construction. Thus, as more specificallydescribed in my copending application Serial No. 280,226, the horizontalmembers which differ in length from each other by modular dimensions maybe utilized to define a building having rooms of substantially anydesired shape or arrangement. Due to the provision of these members onlyin modular lengthsand with the openings 17 or the like therein spaced atmodular distances from each other, it is possible to have the form forthe pouring of the foundation or the like constructed of standardizedmembers of the type described herein, utilizing preformed slabs or othertypes of slabs, if desired, of the standardized lengths, so thatnecessity for cutting or careful fitting in situ is substantiallyavoided. Thus, in accordance 5 with the present invention a pouring formmay be provided out of parts of a comparatively few standardizeddimensions in order to suit all possible building plans adhering to thepredetermined modular system.

I claim:

1. A method of building a wall which comprises forming a footing,erecting a frame work thereon, securing rows of uprights in parallelspaced relation to the framework, placing parallel layers of slabs withtheir marginal faces engaging the inner faces of the uprights, pouringcementitious material about the framework between the slab layers, andremoving the uprights.

2. A method of building a wall which comprises forming a footing,erecting a metal framework thereon, connecting parallel rows of uprightsby means of ties to the metal frame, interposing spacers between theframe and uprights, erecting layers of preformed cementitious slabs withtheir marginal faces engaging the inner faces of the uprights; pouringcementitious material between the slab layers, and detaching theuprights from the ties to provide a metal reinforced wall with facingsof cementitious slabs.

3. A method of erecting a wall which comprises forming a footing,erecting a metal framework thereon, associating a series of ties withthe lower part of the framework, disposing parallel rows of uprightswith their bottoms resting upon the footing and their lower partsdetachably connected to the ties but held in spaced relation to theframework, connecting the upper parts of the uprights to the framework,erecting a layer of cementitious slabs upon the footing at each side ofthe framework with the faces of the slabs in engagement with the innerfaces of the uprights, pouring cementitious material between the slablayers, permitting the same at least initially to set, detaching theuprights from the ties and disconnecting their upper parts from theframework, thus pro viding a metal reinforced cementitious wall withfacings of cementitious slabs.

4. A. method of constructing a reinforced cementitious wall whereinstandardized frame members having corresponding modular dimensions andmodularly spaced openings provide the reinforcing structure, whichmethod comprises erecting a base, disposing horizontal frame membersupon the base to outline the desired wall arrangement, connectingvertical frame members to said openings in horizontal members, securinggirts of lengths similar to those of the first mem her to the uprightsby means of similarly disposed openings, and connecting concrete formsections of modular dimensions to the modularly spaced openings in thehorizontal members of the frame, whereby cutting of frame parts or ofform parts in situ is not required.

5. A method of constructing a reinforced cementitious wall whereinstandardized frame members having corresponding modular dimensions andmodularly spaced openings provide the reinforcing structure, whichmethod comprises erecting a base, disposing horizontal frame membersupon the base to outline the desired wall arrangement, connectingvertical frame members to the openin s in horizontal members, securinggirts of lengths similar to those of the first member to the uprights bymeans of similarly spaced openings, utilizing certain of the modularlyspaced openings upon the horizontal members and girt to secure outwardlyextending connectors thereto, securing temporary uprights to theconnectors, locating form slabs of modular dimensions with their marginsin engagement with the inner faces of the uprights, whereby the frameand form are both readily erected out of standardized parts. t

6. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a footing,securing to said footing rows of temporary uprights disposed in spacedparallelism to each other, erecting parallel layers of preformed slabsupon the footing with their outer faces engaging the inner faces of theuprights, pouring cementitious material between the layers of slabs,permitting the same initially to set, and removing the temporaryuprights.

7. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a footing,connecting a series of ties to the footing, disposing parallel rows ofspaced uprights with their bottoms resting on the footing and theirlower parts detachably connected to the ties, erecting parallel layersof preformed slaps upon the footing with their outer faces engaging theinner faces of the uprights, pouring cement tious material between theslap layers, permitting the same initially to set, and removing theuprights.

8. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a foo-ting,securing reinforcing members thereto,- connecting a series of ties tosaid reinforcing members, erecting parallel rows of spaced uprights withtheir bottoms resting on the footing and their lower parts detach ablysecured to the ties, erecting parallel layers of slabs on said footingwith their outer faces engaging the inner faces of the uprights, pouringcementitious material between the slab layers, permitting the sameinitially to set, and removing the uprights.

9. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a base,laying a horizontal sill member on said base, connecting upright membersto said sill to provide a permanent reinforcing frame, connecting tiemembers to said sill, erecting parallel rows of spaced uprights on saidbase with their lower parts detachably secured to said tie members,erecting parallel layers of preformed slabs on said base with theirouter faces engaging the inner faces of said uprights, pouringcementitious material between the slab layers, and detaching theuprights from said ties to provide a reinforced wall having facings ofpreformed slabs.

10. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a base,laying a horizontal sill member on said base, connecting upright framemembers and a girt to said sill to provide a permanent reinforcingframe, connecting tie members to said sill and girt, said sill and girtbeing provided with modularly spaced means to indicate the positioningof said tie members, detachably connecting rows of temporary uprights tosaid tie members, erecting parallel layers of slabs on said base withtheir outer faces engaging the inner faces of said uprights thereby toprovide a form about said frame members, and pouring cementitiousmaterial in the form thus provided.

11. A method of constructing a wall which comprises forming a base,laying a horizontal sill member on said base, connecting vertical framemembers and a girt to said sill to provide a permanent reinforcingframe, connecting tie members to said sill and girt, said sill and girtbeing provided with modularly spaced openings to indicate thepositioning of and to provide connections for said tie members,detachably connecting rows of temporary uprights to said tie members,erecting parallel layers of preformed slabs on said base with theirouter faces engaging the inner faces of said uprights thereby to providea form about said frame members, and pouring cementitious material inthe form thus provided.

12. A method of constructing a reinforced cementitious wall whereinstandardized frame members having corresponding modulair dimensions andmodularly spaced openings provide the reinforcing structure, whichmethod comprises forming a base, laying a horizontal sill member on saidbase, connectvertical frame members and'a girt to said sill to providethe reinforcing structure, connecting tie members to certain of themodularly spaced openings in said sill and girt, de-

tachably securing rows of temporary uprights to said tie members,erecting layers of slabs on said base with their outer faces engagingthe inner faces of said uprights thereby to provide a form about saidreinforcing structure, and pouring cementitious material in the formthus provided.

Signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts, his 18th day of February, 1929.

ALBERT F. BEMIS.

